Content to which copyright does not apply, for example because it has expired or it never existed, is free for any kind of use by anyone and is said to be in the public domain. CC0, one of the licences of Creative Commons, is a ‘public domain dedication’ which attempts so far as possible to renounce all rights in the work and place it in the public domain. Source: ODH

Pseudonymization is a data management and de-identification procedure by which personally identifiable information fields within a data record are replaced by one or more artificial identifiers, or pseudonyms. Pseudonymization is suggested as one of the technical measures that can help with compliance with the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and its obligations for data controllers to ensure secure processing of personal data.

 (i) Proprietary software is owned by a company which restricts the ways in which it can be used. Users normally need to pay to use the software, cannot read or modify the source code, and cannot copy the software or re-sell it as part of their own product. Common examples include Microsoft Excel and Adobe Acrobat. Non-proprietary software is usually open source.

The right of individuals to a private life includes a right not to have personal information about themselves made public. A right to privacy is recognised by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights, and in the EU and the Member States of the EU it is recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and is regulated by special regulation.

Use of statistics to predict outcomes.

Source: Geisser, S.: "Predictive Inference: An Introduction", Chapman & Hall, 1993.

Portable Document Format, a file format for representing the layout and appearance of documents on a page independent of the layout software, computer operating system, etc. It is a file format used to present and exchange documents independently of software, hardware or operating systems. An open standard maintained by the International Organisation for Standardisation.  Originally a proprietary format of Adobe Systems, PDF has been an open format since 2008.

Generally understood as technical standards that are free from licensing restrictions. Can also be interpreted to mean standards that are developed in a vendor-neutral manner.

A spatial data infrastructure in which citizens, research institutions, private organizations and other businesses and non-governmental actors are recognized as key stakeholders of the infrastructure and in which public spatial data, but also private and citizen-generated spatial data is freely available to use for citizens, businesses and any other groups, without any restrictions.

Computer software that is available in source code form: the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under an open-source license that permits users to study, change, improve and at times also to distribute the software. Open source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner.

Software for which the source code is available under an open licence. Not only can the software be used for free, but users with the necessary technical skills can inspect the source code, modify it and run their own versions of the code, helping to fix bugs, develop new features, etc. Some large open source software projects have thousands of volunteer contributors.