A popular file format for geodata, maintained and published by Esri, a manufacturer of GIS software. A Shapefile actually consists of several related files. Though the format is technically proprietary, Esri publishes a full specification standard and Shapefiles can be read by a wide range of software, so function somewhat like an open standard in practice.
Standard Generalized Markup Language (ISO 8879:1986) s an ISO-standard for document representation. SGML can be used for publishing in its broadest definition, ranging from single medium conventional publishing to multimedia data base publishing. SGML can also be used in office document processing when the benefits of human readability and interchange with publishing systems are required.
A computer on the internet, usually manged by a hosting company, that responds to requests from a user, e.g. for web pages, downloaded files or to access features in a SaaS package being run on the server.
Source: ODH
Search engine optimisation, a series of techniques which improve the visibility of a website in search engines result page (SERP) via the natural or unpaid (‘organic’ or ‘algorithmic’) search results. The goal of such optimisation is to rank as high as possible for a certain search query.
An evolution or part of the World Wide Web that consists of machine-readable data in RDF and an ability to query that information in standard ways (e.g. via Sparql).
Statistical data and metadata exchange, an international initiative that aims at standardising and modernising the mechanisms and processes for the exchange of statistical data and metadata among international organisations and their member countries.
Extracting data from a non-machine-readable source, such as a website or a PDF document, and creating structured data from the result. Screen-scraping a dataset requires dedicated programming and is expensive in programmer time, so is generally done only after all other attempts to get the data in structured form have failed. Legal questions may arise about whether the scraping breaches the source website’s copyright or terms of service.
Schema.org is a vocabulary for structured data on the Internet, on web pages, in email messages, etc. It covers entities, relationships between entities and actions, and can easily be extended through a well-documented extension model. Schema.org is developed by W3C Community group in an open community process.
An XML schema defines the structure of an XML document. An XML schema defines things such as which data elements and attributes can appear in a document; how the data elements relate to one another; whether an element is empty or can include text; which types of data are allowed for specific data elements and attributes; and what the default and fixed values are for elements and attributes. A schema is also a description of the data represented within a database.
Software as a Service, i.e. a software program that runs, not on the user’s machine, but on the machines of a hosting company, which the user accesses over the web. The host takes care of associated data storage, and normally charges for the use of the service or monetises its client base in other ways.
