The legal situation in which one user has an exclusive right to re-use a dataset, excluding others from such a re-use. The OD Directive in general prohibits the of exclusive arrangements making the re-use of documents open to all potential actors in the market, even if one or more market actors already exploit added-value products based on those documents. The exclusive rights can be granted in only exceptional situation, such as the necessity to grant the right for the provision of a service in general interest.